Using Q Methodology as a Strategy to Explore Cultural Opinions toward Health Care

Abstract

The need for this study relates to the health disparity problem facing
racially, ethnically, and socio-economically diverse people who may not
seek or receive the necessary care to maintain their health. Describing
the ways that underrepresented groups view wellness using Q methodology
may lead to improvements in the quality and equity of health care
delivery by increasing the cultural competency of providers. The Q
sample was an expansion of one used previously (Sylvester, 2000). This
study utilized Q methodology to identify attitudes about healthcare
access of African Americans. Statements were added to broaden the range
of opinions that might be expressed by other groups, including
low-income and other ethnic groups. Of the 43 Oklahomans from various
ethnic groups who sorted the 47-item Q set, three factors defined by 27
of the sorts were interpreted to be related to types of health care
priorities. Care through Prevention view preventative health care most
important, with an emphasis on a well-balanced lifestyle. Participants
defining Care through Relationships place a particular focus upon
developing strong relationships with caretakers. Participants defining
Care for All recognize the need for all Oklahomans to have access to
quality health care regardless of socioeconomic status. Implications for
further research are discussed.