Applying Bandura’s Reciprocal Causation Model to Safety Climate in U.S. Aviation MROs

Abstract

This study investigates the application of Bandura’s (1977) Reciprocal Causation Model—comprised of Environment, Person, and Behavior—to safety climate in U.S.-based civilian aviation Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) organizations. Drawing from Social Cognitive Theory, the model asserts that human behavior results from dynamic and continuous interaction between personal factors, environmental conditions, and behavior itself. Using a quantitative explanatory correlational design, the study collected data from 134 MRO employees via validated instruments. The Maintenance Environment Survey (MES) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Statistical analyses, including MANOVA and multiple regression, confirmed that each of the three domains significantly influenced the others in both directions. A strong safety climate (Environment) reduced psychological strain (Person) and maintenance errors (Behavior), while elevated stress levels and error rates negatively impacted safety perceptions. These findings affirm the theoretical strength of Bandura’s model and provide practical insights for developing holistic safety management strategies in high-risk work environments.